Plants can withstand a certain amount of heat, but when temperatures become extreme, their cells begin to struggle. High temperatures can damage cell membranes, disrupt the structure of proteins, and interfere with the enzymes that plants rely on to carry out essential biological processes. Prolonged heat stress can impair the plant’s metabolism, cause harmful oxidative damage and, in severe cases, lead to cell death. 

Even a modest rise in temperature can stress plants if it lasts long enough. The consequences extend beyond plant growth: elevated temperatures can interfere with the development and viability of pollen, making fertilization more difficult. This can reduce the formation of seeds and fruits and ultimately lower crop yields. 

Beneficial bacteria associated with plants may offer additional protection by helping plants take up nutrients, regulating growth, and limiting cellular damage caused by heat. 

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